The Gospel of Thomas | Internet Sacred Text Archive

                           THE GOSPEL OF THOMAS
  
  
 Translations by: Thomas O. Lambdin (Coptic version)
                  B.P Grenfell & A.S. Hunt (Greek Fragments)
                  Bentley Layton (Greek Fragments)
 Commentary by: Craig Schenk
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 I: Commentary
  
      The Gospel of Thomas is a collection of traditional Sayings
 (logoi) of Jesus. It is attributed to Didymos Judas Thomas, the
 "Doubting Thomas" of the canonical Gospels, and according to many
 early traditions, the twin brother of Jesus ("didymos" means
 "twin" in Greek).
      We have two versions of the Gospel of Thomas today. The
 first was discovered in the late 1800's among the Oxyrhynchus
 Papyri, and consists of fragments of a Greek version, which has
 been dated to c. 200. The second is a complete version, in
 Coptic, from Codex II of the Nag Hammadi finds. Thomas was
 probably first written in Greek (or possibly even Syriac or
 Aramaic) sometime between the mid 1st and 2nd centuries.
      There has been much speculation on the relationship of
 Thomas to the canonical Gospels. Many Sayings in Thomas have
 parallels with the New Testament Sayings, especially those found
 in the synoptic Gospels. This leads many to believe that Thomas
 was also based on the so-called "Q" Document, along with Matthew,
 Luke, and Mark. Indeed, some have speculated that Thomas may in
 fact be "Q". Unlike the synoptic Gospels, and like "Q", the
 Gospel of Thomas has no narrative connecting the various Sayings.
 In form, it is simply a list of 114 Sayings, in no particular
 order. Comparison with New Testament parallels show that Thomas
 contains either more primitive versions of the Sayings, or
 developments of more primitive versions. Either way, Thomas seems
 to preserve earlier traditions about Jesus than the New
 Testament.
      Although it is not possible to attribute the Gospel of
 Thomas to any particular sect, it is clearly Gnostic in nature.
 As the preamble indicates, these are "secret sayings", and are
 intended to be esoteric in nature. The Sayings are not intended
 to be interpreted literally, as their New Testament parallels
 often are, but to be interpreted symbolically, as attested by
 Saying #1. While a literal interpretation may make sense, only by
 understanding the deeper meanings of the Sayings can one truly
 understand them. Thus in Saying #114, it is to be understood that
 "male" symbolizes the pneumatic (spiritual, or Gnostic)
 Christians, and "female" symbolizes the psychic (unenlightened,
 or orthodox) Christians, rather than actually referring to males
 and females. Keep in mind that true understanding of this text
 was meant to come from PERSONAL contact with the Divine,
 inspiration from within.
      I will now present translations of both the Greek and Coptic
 versions of the Gospel of Thomas. Of the 114 Sayings in the
 complete work, and all of the fragments of the Greek text.
 Also, the Greek version contains one Saying not found in the Coptic
 version, which comes between Sayings 32 and 33 of the Coptic
 version. I will enter the Coptic version first, as it is more
 complete, followed by the Greek version. After both translations,
 I've provided a listing of New Testament parallels for all 114
 sayings for easier comparison.
      Note that for the Coptic version, I use the standard NHL
 translation, except for saying 70, where I have substituted the
 translation found in Elaine Pagels' "The Gnostic Gospels", as it
 seems a better translation.
      Peace & Enlightenment be yours!
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 IA: Editorial Symbols
  
      I have followed the Nag Hammadi Library standard for
 typographical symbols in this file. Text contained within [square
 brackets] indicates a damaged portion of the manuscript where the
 translators have attempted a reconstruction. Text within
 (parentheses) indicates comments or text added by the translator
 for clarification purposes. Text within <pointed brackets>
 indicates a scribal error (spelling, grammatical, etc) in the
 original, where the translator has made a correction. Text within
 {funky brackets} indicates superfluous text added by the scribe.
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 II: Coptic Gospel of Thomas
  
  
 P)   These are the secret sayings which the living Jesus spoke
 and which Didymos Judas Thomas wrote down.
  
 1)   And He said, "Whoever finds the interpretation of these
 sayings will not experience death."
  
 2)   Jesus said, "Let him who seeks continue seeking until he
 finds. When he finds, he will become troubled. When he becomes
 troubled, he will be astonished, and he will rule over the All."
  
 3)   Jesus said, "If those who lead you say, 'See, the Kingdom is
 in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they
 say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you.
 Rather, the Kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you.
 When you come to know yourselves, then you will become known, and
 you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living
 Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty
 and it is you who are that poverty."
  
 4)   Jesus said, "The man old in days will not hesitate to ask a
 small child seven days old about the place of life, and he will
 live. For many who are first will become last, and they will
 become one and the same."
  
 5)   Jesus said, "Recognize what is in your sight, and that which
 is hidden from you will become plain to you. For there is nothing
 hidden which will not become manifest."
  
 6)   His disciples questioned Him and said to Him, "Do you want
 us to fast? How shall we pray? Shall we give alms? What diet
 shall we observe?"
      Jesus said, "Do not tell lies, and do not do what you hate,
 for all things are plain in the sight of Heaven. For nothing
 hidden will not become manifest, and nothing covered will remain
 without being uncovered."
  
 7)   Jesus said, "Blessed is the lion which becomes man when
 consumed by man; and cursed is the man whom the lion consumes,
 and the lion becomes man."
  
 8)   And He said, "The Kingdom is like a wise fisherman who cast
 his
 net into the sea and drew it up from the sea full of small fish.
 Among them the wise fisherman found a fine large fish. He threw
 all the small fish back into the sea and chose the large fish
 without difficulty. Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear."
  
 9)   Jesus said, "Now the sower went out, took a handful (of
 seeds), and scattered them. Some fell on the road; the birds came
 and gathered them up. Others fell on the rock, did not take root
 in the soil, and did not produce ears. And others fell on thorns;
 they choked the seed(s) and worms ate them. And others fell on
 the good soil and produced good fruit: it bore sixty per measure
 and a hundred and twenty per measure."
  
 10)  Jesus said, "I have cast fire upon the world, and see, I am
 guarding it until it blazes."
  
 11)  Jesus said, "This heaven will pass away, and the one above
 it will pass away. The dead are not alive, and the living will
 not die. In the days when you consumed what is dead, you made it
 what is alive. When you come to dwell in the light, what will you
 do? On the day when you were one you became two. But when you
 become two, what will you do?"
  
 12)  The disciples said to Jesus, "We know that You will depart
 from us. Who is to be our leader?"
      Jesus said to them, "Wherever you are, you are to go to
 James the righteous, for whose sake heaven and earth came into
 being."
  
 13)  Jesus said to His disciples, "Compare me to someone and tell
 Me whom I am like."
      Simon Peter said to Him, "You are like a righteous angel."
      Matthew said to Him, "You are like a wise philosopher."
      Thomas said to Him, "Master, my mouth is wholly incapable of
 saying whom You are like."
      Jesus said, "I am not your master. Because you have drunk,
 you have become intoxicated by the bubbling spring which I have
 measured out."
      And He took him and withdrew and told him three things. When
 Thomas returned to his companions, they asked him, "What did
 Jesus say to you?"
      Thomas said to them, "If I tell you one of the things which
 he told me, you will pick up stones and throw them at me; a fire
 will come out of the stones and burn you up."
  
 14)  Jesus said to them, "If you fast, you will give rise to sin
 for yourselves; and if you pray, you will be condemned; and if
 you give alms, you will do harm to your spirits. When you go into
 any land and walk about in the districts, if they receive you,
 eat what they will set before you, and heal the sick among them.
 For what goes into your mouth will not defile you, but that which
 issues from your mouth - it is that which will defile you."
  
 15)  Jesus said, "When you see one who was not born of woman,
 prostrate yourselves on your faces and worship him. That one is
 your Father."
  
 16)  Jesus said, "Men think, perhaps, that it is peace which I
 have come to cast upon the world. They do not know that it is
 dissension which I have come to cast upon the earth: fire, sword,
 and war. For there will be five in a house: three will be against
 two, and two against three, the father against the son, and the
 son against the father. And they will stand solitary."
  
 17)  Jesus said, "I shall give you what no eye has seen and what
 no ear has heard and what no hand has touched and what has never
 occurred to the human mind."
  
 18)  The disciples said to Jesus, "Tell us how our end will be."
      Jesus said, "Have you discovered, then, the beginning, that
 you look for the end? For where the beginning is, there will the
 end be. Blessed is he who will take his place in the beginning;
 he will know the end and will not experience death."
  
 19)  Jesus said, "Blessed is he who came into being before he
 came into being. If you become My disciples and listen to My
 words, these stones will minister to you. For there are five
 trees for you in Paradise which remain undisturbed summer and
 winter and whose leaves do not fall. Whoever becomes acquainted
 with them will not experience death."
  
 20)  The disciples said to Jesus, "Tell us what the Kingdom of
 Heaven is like."
      He said to them, "It is like a mustard seed, the smallest of
 all seeds. But when it falls on tilled soil, it produces a great
 plant and becomes a shelter for birds of the sky."
  
 21)  Mary said to Jesus, "Whom are Your disciples like?"
      He said, "They are like children who have settled in a field
 which is not theirs. When the owners of the field come, they will
 say, 'Let us have back our field.' They (will) undress in their
 presence in order to let them have back their field and give it
 back to them. Therefore I say to you, if the owner of a house
 knows that the thief is coming, he will begin his vigil before he
 comes and will not let him into his house of his domain to carry
 away his goods. You, then, be on your guard against the world.
 Arm yourselves with great strength lest the robbers find a way to
 come to you, for the difficulty which you expect will (surely)
 materialize. Let there be among you a man of understanding. When
 the grain ripened, he came quickly with his sickle in his hand
 and reaped it. Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear."
  
 22)  Jesus saw infants being suckled. He said to His disciples,
 "These infants being suckled are like those who enter the
 Kingdom."
      They said to Him, "Shall we then, as children, enter the
 Kingdom?"
      Jesus said to them, "When you make the two one, and when you
 make the inside like the outside and the outside like the inside,
 and the above like the below, and when you make the male and the
 female one and the same, so that the male not be male nor the
 female female; and when you fashion eyes in the place of an eye,
 and a hand in place of a hand, and a foot in place of a foot, and
 a likeness in place of a likeness; then will you enter [the
 Kingdom]."
  
 23)  Jesus said, "I shall choose you, one out of a thousand, and
 two out of ten thousand, and they shall stand as a single one."
  
 24)  His disciples said to Him, "Show us the place where You are,
 since it is necessary for us to seek it."
      He said to them, "Whoever has ears, let him hear. There is
 light within a man of light, and he (or "it") lights up the whole
 world. If he (or "it") does not shine, he (or "it") is darkness."
  
 25)  Jesus said, "Love your brother like your soul, guard him
 like the pupil of your eye."
  
 26)  Jesus said, "You see the mote in your brothers eye, but you
 do not see the beam in your own eye. When you cast the beam out
 of your own eye, then you will see clearly to cast the mote from
 your brother's eye."
  
 27)  <Jesus said,> "If you do not fast as regards the world, you
 will not find the Kingdom. If you do not observe the Sabbath as a
 Sabbath, you will not see the Father."
  
 28)  Jesus said, "I took my place in the midst of the world, and
 I appeared to them in the flesh. I found all of them intoxicated;
 I found none of them thirsty. And My soul became afflicted for
 the sons of men, because they are blind in their hearts and do
 not have sight; for empty they came into the world, and empty too
 they seek to leave the world. But for the moment they are
 intoxicated. When they shake off their wine, then they will
 repent."
  
 29)  Jesus said, "If the flesh came into being because of spirit,
 it is a wonder. But if spirit came into being because of the
 body, it is a wonder of wonders. Indeed, I am amazed at how this
 great wealth has made its home in this poverty."
  
 30)  Jesus said, "Where there are three gods, they are gods.
 Where there are two or one, I am with him."
  
 31)  Jesus said, "No prophet is accepted in his own village; no
 physician heals those who know him."
 32)  Jesus said, "A city being built on a high mountain and
 fortified cannot fall, nor can it be hidden."
  
 33)  Jesus said, "Preach from your housetops that which you will
 hear in your ear {(and) in the other ear}. For no one lights a
 lamp and puts it under a bushel, nor does he put it in a hidden
 place, but rather he sets it on a lampstand so that everyone who
 enters and leaves will see its light."
  
 34)  Jesus said, "If a blind man leads a blind man, they will
 both fall into a pit."
  
 35)  Jesus said, "It is not possible for anyone to enter the
 house of a strong man and take it by force unless he binds his
 hands; then he will (be able to) ransack his house."
  
 36)  Jesus said, "Do not be concerned from morning until evening
 and from evening until morning about what you will wear."
  
 37)  His disciples said, "When will You become revealed to us and
 when shall we see You?"
      Jesus said, "When you disrobe without being ashamed and take
 up your garments and place them under your feet like little
 children and tread on them, then [will you see] the Son of the
 Living One, and you will not be afraid"
  
 38)  Jesus said, "Many times have you desired to hear these words
 which I am saying to you, and you have no one else to hear them
 from. There will be days when you look for Me and will not find
 Me."
  
 39)  Jesus said, "The Pharisees and the scribes have taken the
 keys of Knowledge and hidden them. They themselves have not
 entered, nor have they allowed to enter those who wish to. You,
 however, be as wise as serpents and as innocent as doves."
  
 40)  Jesus said, "A grapevine has been planted outside of the
 Father, but being unsound, it will be pulled up by its roots and
 destroyed."
  
 41)  Jesus said, "Whoever has something in his hand will receive
 more, and whoever has nothing will be deprived of even the little
 he has."
  
 42)  Jesus said, "Become passers-by."
  
 43)  His disciples said to him, "Who are You, that You should say
 these things to us?"
      <Jesus said to them,> "You do not realize who I am from what
 I say to you, but you have become like the Jews, for they
 (either) love the tree and hate its fruit or love the fruit and
 hate the tree."
  
 44)  Jesus said, "Whoever blasphemes against the Father will be
 forgiven, and whoever blasphemes against the Son will be
 forgiven, but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not
 be forgiven either on earth or in heaven."
  
 45)  Jesus said, "Grapes are not harvested from thorns, nor are
 figs gathered from thistles, for they do not produce fruit. A
 good man brings forth good from his storehouse; an evil man
 brings forth evil things from his evil storehouse, which is in
 his heart, and says evil things. For out of the abundance of the
 heart he brings forth evil things."
  
 46)  Jesus said, "Among those born of women, from Adam until John
 the Baptist, there is no one so superior to John the Baptist that
 his eyes should not be lowered (before him). Yet I have said
 whichever one of you comes to be a child will be acquainted with
 the Kingdom and will become superior to John."
  
 47)  Jesus said, "It is impossible for a man to mount two horses
 or to stretch two bows. And it is impossible for a servant to
 serve two masters; otherwise he will honor the one and treat the
 other contemptuously. No man drinks old wine and immediately
 desires to drink new wine. And new wine is not put into old
 wineskins, lest they burst; nor is old wine put into a new
 wineskin, lest it spoil it. An old patch is not sewn onto a new
 garment, because a tear would result."
  
 48)  Jesus said, "If two make peace with each other in this one
 house, they will say to the mountain, 'Move Away,' and it will
 move away."
  
 49)  Jesus said, "Blessed are the solitary and elect, for you
 will find the Kingdom. For you are from it, and to it you will
 return."
  
 50)  Jesus said, "If they say to you, 'Where did you come from?',
 say to them, 'We came from the light, the place where the light
 came into being on its own accord and established [itself] and
 became manifest through their image.' If they say to you, 'Is it
 you?', say, 'We are its children, we are the elect of the Living
 Father.' If they ask you, 'What is the sign of your father in
 you?', say to them, 'It is movement and repose.'"
  
 51)  His disciples said to Him, "When will the repose of the dead
 come about, and when will the new world come?"
      He said to them, "What you look forward to has already come,
 but you do not recognize it."
  
 52)  His disciples said to Him, "Twenty-four prophets spoke in
 Israel, and all of them spoke in You."
      He said to them, "You have omitted the one living in your
 presence and have spoken (only) of the dead."
  
 53)  His disciples said to Him, "Is circumcision beneficial or
 not?"
      He said to them, "If it were beneficial, their father would
 beget them already circumcised from their mother. Rather, the
 true circumcision in spirit has become completely profitable."
  
 54)  Jesus said, "Blessed are the poor, for yours is the Kingdom
 of Heaven."
  
 55)  Jesus said, "Whoever does not hate his father and his mother
 cannot become a disciple to Me. And whoever does not hate his
 brothers and sisters and take up his cross in My way will not be
 worthy of Me."
  
 56)  Jesus said, "Whoever has come to understand the world has
 found (only) a corpse, and whoever has found a corpse is superior
 to the world."
  
 57)  Jesus said, "The Kingdom of the Father is like a man who had
 [good] seed. His enemy came by night and sowed weeds among the
 good seed. The man did not allow them to pull up the weeds; he
 said to them, 'I am afraid that you will go intending to pull up
 the weeds and pull up the wheat along with them.' For on the day
 of the harvest the weeds will be plainly visible, and they will
 be pulled up and burned."
  
 58)  Jesus said, "Blessed is the man who has suffered and found
 life."
  
 59)  Jesus said, "Take heed of the Living One while you are
 alive, lest you die and seek to see Him and be unable to do so."
  
 60)  <They saw> a Samaritan carrying a lamb on his way to Judea.
 He said to his disciples, "(Why does) that man (carry) the lamb
 around?"
      They said to him, "So that he may kill it and eat it."
      He said to them, "While it is alive, he will not eat it, but
 only when he has killed it and it has become a corpse."
      They said to him, "He cannot do so otherwise."
      He said to them, "You too, look for a place for yourself
 within the Repose, lest you become a corpse and be eaten."
  
 61)  Jesus said, "Two will rest on a bed: the one will die, and
 other will live."
      Salome said to him, "Who are You, man, that You, as though
 from the One, have come up on my couch and eaten from my table?"
      Jesus said to her, "I am He who exists from the Undivided. I
 was given some of the things of my Father."
      <Salome said,> "I am Your disciple."
      <Jesus said to her,> "Therefore I say, if he is <undivided>,
 he will be filled with light, but if he is divided, he will be
 filled with darkness."
  
 62)  Jesus said, "It is to those [who are worthy of My] mysteries
 that I tell My mysteries. Do not let your left hand know what
 your right hand is doing."
 63)  Jesus said, "There was a rich man who had much money. He
 said, 'I shall put my money to use so that I may sow, reap,
 plant, and fill my storehouse with produce, with the result that
 I shall lack nothing. Such were his intentions, but that same
 night he died. Let him who has ears hear."
  
 64)  Jesus said, "A man had received visitors. And when he had
 prepared the dinner, he sent his servant to invite guests. He
 went to the first one and said to him, "My master invites you.'
 He said, 'I have claims against some merchants. They are coming
 to me this evening. I must go and give them my orders. I ask to
 be excused from the dinner.' He went to another and said, 'My
 master has invited you.' He said to him, 'I have just bought a
 house and am required for the day. I shall not have any spare
 time.' He went to another and said to him, 'My master invites
 you.' He said to him, 'My friend is going to get married, and I
 am to prepare the banquet. I shall not be able to come. I ask to
 be excused from the dinner.' He went to another and said to him,
 'My master invites you.' He said to him, 'I have just bought a
 farm, and I am on my way to collect the rent. I shall not be able
 to come. I ask to be excused.' The servant returned and said to
 his master, 'Those whom you invited to the dinner have asked to
 be excused.' The master said to his servant, 'Go outside to the
 streets and bring back those whom you happen to meet, so that
 they may dine.' Businessmen and merchants will not enter the
 Places of My Father."
  
 65)  He said, "There was a good man who owned a vineyard. He
 leased it to tenant farmers so that they might work it and he
 might collect the produce from them. He sent his servant so that
 the tenants might give him the produce of the vineyard. They
 seized his servant and beat him, all but killing him. The servant
 went back and told his master. The master said, 'Perhaps <they>
 did not recognize <him>.' He sent another servant. The tenants
 beat this one as well. Then the owner sent his son and said,
 'Perhaps they will show respect to my son.' Because the tenants
 knew that it was he who was the heir to the vineyard, they seized
 him and killed him. Let him who has ears hear."
  
 66)  Jesus said, "Show me the stone which the builders have
 rejected. That one is the cornerstone."
  
 67)  Jesus said, "Whoever believes that the All itself is
 deficient is (himself) completely deficient."
  
 68)  Jesus said, "Blessed are you when you are hated and
 persecuted. Wherever you have been persecuted they will find no
 Place."
  
 69)  Jesus said, "Blessed are they who have been persecuted
 within themselves. It is they who have truly come to know the
 Father. Blessed are the hungry, for the belly of him who desires
 will be filled."
  
 70)  Jesus said, "If you bring forth what is within you, what you
 bring forth will save you. If you do not bring forth what is
 within you, what you do not bring forth will destroy you."
  
 71)  Jesus said, "I shall destroy [this] house, and no one will
 be able to rebuild it."
  
 72)  [A man said] to Him, "Tell my brothers to divide my father's
 possessions with me."
      He said to him, "O man, who has made Me a divider?"
      He turned to His disciples and said to them, "I am not a
 divider, am I?"
  
 73)  Jesus said, "The harvest is great but the laborers are few.
 Beseech the Lord, therefore, to send out laborers to the
 harvest."
  
 74)  He said, "O Lord, there are many around the drinking trough,
 but there is nothing in the cistern."
  
 75)  Jesus said, "Many are standing at the door, but it is the
 solitary who will enter the bridal chamber."
  
 76)  Jesus said, "The kingdom of the Father is like a merchant
 who had a consignment of merchandise and who discovered a pearl.
 That merchant was shrewd. He sold the merchandise and bought the
 pearl alone for himself. You too, seek his unfailing and enduring
 treasure where no moth comes near to devour and no worm
 destroys."
  
 77)  Jesus said, "It is I who am the light which is above them
 all. It is I who am the All. From Me did the All come forth, and
 unto Me did the All extend. Split a piece of wood, and I am
 there. Lift up the stone, and you will find Me there."
  
 78)  Jesus said, "Why have you come out into the desert? To see a
 reed shaken by the wind? And to see a man clothed in fine
 garments like your kings and your great men? Upon them are the
 fine [garments], and they are unable to discern the truth."
  
 79)  A woman from the crowd said to Him, "Blessed are the womb
 which bore You and the breasts which nourished You."
      He said to her, "Blessed are those who have heard the word
 of the Father and have truly kept it. For there will be days when
 you will say, 'Blessed are the womb which has not conceived and
 the breasts which have not given milk.'"
  
 80)  Jesus said, "He who has recognized the world has found the
 body, but he who has found the body is superior to the world."
  
 81)  Jesus said, "Let him who has grown rich be king, and let him
 who possesses power renounce it."
  
 82)  Jesus said, "He who is near Me is near the fire, and he who
 is far from Me is far from the Kingdom."
  
 83)  Jesus said, "The images are manifest to man, but the light
 in them remains concealed in the image of the light of the
 Father. He will become manifest, but his image will remain
 concealed by his light."
  
 84)  Jesus said, "When you see your likeness, you rejoice. But
 when you see your images which came into being before you, and
 which neither die not become manifest, how much you will have to
 bear!"
  
 85)  Jesus said, "Adam came into being from a great power and a
 great wealth, but he did not become worthy of you. For had he
 been worthy, [he would] not [have experienced] death."
  
 86)  Jesus said, "[The foxes have their holes] and the birds have
 [their] nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head
 and rest."
  
 87)  Jesus said, "Wretched is the body that is dependant upon a
 body, and wretched is the soul that is dependent on these two."
  
 88)  Jesus said, "The angels and the prophets will come to you
 and give you those things you (already) have. And you too, give
 them those things which you have, and say to yourselves, 'When
 will they come and take what is theirs?'"
  
 89)  Jesus said, "Why do you wash the outside of the cup? Do you
 not realize that he who made he inside is the same one who made
 the outside?"
  
 90)  Jesus said, "Come unto me, for My yoke is easy and My
 lordship is mild, and you will find repose for yourselves."
  
 91)  They said to Him, "Tell us who You are so that we may
 believe in You."
      He said to them, "You read the face of the sky and of the
 earth, but you have not recognized the one who is before you, and
 you do not know how to read this moment."
  
 92)  Jesus said, "Seek and you will find. Yet, what you asked Me
 about in former times and which I did not tell you then, now I do
 desire to tell, but you do not enquire after it."
  
 93)  <Jesus said,> "Do not give what is holy to dogs, lest they
 throw them on the dung-heap. Do not throw the pearls to swine,
 lest they grind it [to bits]."
  
 94)  Jesus [said], "He who seeks will find, and [he who knocks]
 will be let in."
  
 95)  [Jesus said,] "If you have money, do not lend it at
 interest, but give [it] to one from whom you will not get it
 back."
  
 96)  Jesus [said], "The Kingdom of the Father is like a certain
 woman. She took a little leaven, [concealed] it in some dough,
 and made it into large loaves. Let him who has ears hear."
  
 97)  Jesus said, "The Kingdom of the [Father] is like a certain
 woman who was carrying a jar full of meal. While she was walking
 [on] a road, still some distance from home, the handle of the jar
 broke and the meal emptied out behind her on the road. She did
 not realize it; she had noticed no accident. When she reached her
 house, she set the jar down and found it empty."
  
 98)  Jesus said, "The Kingdom of the Father is like a certain man
 who wanted to kill a powerful man. In his own house he drew his
 sword and stuck it into the wall in order to find out whether his
 hand could carry through. Then he slew the powerful man."
  
 99)  The disciples said to Him, "Your brothers and Your mother
 are standing outside."
      He said to them, "Those here who do the will of My Father
 are My brothers and My mother. It is they who will enter the
 Kingdom of My Father."
  
 100) They showed Jesus a gold coin and said to Him, "Caesar's men
 demand taxes from us."
      He said to them, "Give Caesar what belongs to Caesar, give
 God what belongs to God, and give Me what is Mine."
  
 101) <Jesus said,> "Whoever does not hate his father and his
 mother as I do cannot become a disciple to Me. And whoever does
 [not] love his father and his mother as I do cannot become a
 [disciple] to Me. For My mother [gave me falsehood], but [My]
 true [Mother] gave me life."
  
 102) Jesus said, "Woe to the Pharisees, for they are like a dog
 sleeping in the manger of oxen, for neither does he eat nor does
 he let the oxen eat."
  
 103) Jesus said, "Fortunate is the man who knows where the
 brigands will enter, so that he may get up, muster his domain,
 and arm himself before they invade."
  
 104) They said [to Jesus], "Come, let us pray today and let us
 fast."
      Jesus said, "What is the sin that I have committed, or
 wherein have I been defeated? But when the bridegroom leaves the
 bridal chamber, then let them fast and pray."
  
 105) Jesus said, "He who knows the father and the mother will be
 called the son of a harlot."
  
 106) Jesus said, "When you make the two one, you will become the
 sons of man, and when you say, 'Mountain, move away,' it will
 move away."
  
 107) Jesus said, "The Kingdom is like a shepherd who had a
 hundred sheep. One of them, the largest, went astray. He left the
 ninety-nine sheep and looked for that one until he found it. When
 he had gone to such trouble, he said to the sheep, 'I care for
 you more than the ninety-nine.'"
  
 108) Jesus said, "He who will drink from my mouth will become
 like Me. I myself shall become he, and the things that are hidden
 will become revealed to him."
  
 109) Jesus said, "The Kingdom is like a man who had a [hidden]
 treasure in his field without knowing it. And [after] he died, he
 left it to his son. The son did not know (about the treasure). He
 inherited the field and sold [it]. And the one who bought it went
 plowing and found the treasure. He began to lend money at
 interest to whomever he wished."
  
 110) Jesus said, "Whoever finds the world and becomes rich, let
 him renounce the world."
  
 111) Jesus said, "The heavens and the earth will be rolled up in
 your presence. And one who lives from the Living One will not see
 death." Does not Jesus say, "Whoever finds himself is superior to
 the world?"
  
 112) Jesus said, "Woe to the flesh that depends on the soul; woe
 to the soul that depends on the flesh."
  
 113) His disciples said to Him, "When will the Kingdom come?"
      <Jesus said,> "It will not come by waiting for it. It will
 not be a matter of saying 'Here it is' or 'There it is.' Rather,
 the Kingdom of the Father is spread out upon the earth, and men
 do not see it."
  
 114) Simon Peter said to Him, "Let Mary leave us, for women are
 not worthy of Life."
      Jesus said, "I myself shall lead her in order to make her
 male, so that she too may become a living spirit resembling you
 males. For every woman who will make herself male will enter the
 Kingdom of Heaven."
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 III: Fragments of Greek Gospel of Thomas
  
      Several fragments of a Greek version of Thomas were found
 among the Oxyrhynchys Papyri in the late 19th century. These
 fragments consist of the preamble, and sayings 1-6, 26-28, 30-32,
 36-38, and 39, as well as a saying not found in the Coptic
 version, which follows 32. These fragments are found on
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1, 654, and 655. Generally, the sayings are
 essentially the same in both versions. However, the equivalent of
 saying 30 adds the end of the Coptic version's saying 77.
      The translation used here is a combination of thranslations
 by B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt and Bentley Layton.
  
  
 P)   These are the secret sayings which were spoken by Jesus the
 Living One, and which Judas, who is called Thomas, wrote down"
  
 1)  He said to them: "Whoever hears these words shall never taste
 death."
  
 2)  [Jesus said]: "Let him who seeks not cease until he finds,
 and when he finds he shall wonder; wondering he shall reign,
 and reigning shall rest."
  
 3)   Jesus said, "If those who attract you say, 'See, the Kingdom is
 in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they
 say to you, 'It is under the earth,' then the fish of the sea will
 precede you. Rather, the Kingdom of God is inside of you, and it is
 outside of you. [Those who] become acquainted with [themselves]
 will find it; [and when you] become acquainted with yourselves, [you
 will understand that] it is you who are the sons of the living
 Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty
 and it is you who are that poverty."
  
 4)  Jesus said: "Let the old man who is full of days not
 hesitate to ask the child of seven days about the place of life;
 then he will live. For many that are first will be last, and
 last, first, and they will become a single one."
  
 5)  Jesus said: "Recognize what is before your face and that
 which is hidden from the you will be revealed to you. For there is
 nothing hidden which shall not be made manifest, nor buried which
 shall not be raised."
  
 6)  His disciples asked him and said to him, "How do you want us
 to fast? And how shall we pray? And how [shall we] give alms? And
 what kind of diet shall we follow?"
     Jesus said, "Do not lie, and do not do what you hate, for all
 things are disclosed before truth. For there is nothing hidden
 which shall not be shown forth."
  
 27) Jesus said: "Unless you fast to the world, you shall in no
 way find the Kingdom of God; and unless you sabbatize the
 Sabbath, you shall not see the Father."
  
 28) Jesus said: "I stood in the midst of the world, and in the
 flesh I was seen by them, and I found all drunken, and I found
 none among them thirsty. And my soul grieved over the souls of men,
 because they are blind in their heart and see not. [...]
  
 30/77) Jesus said: "Where there are [two, they are not] without
 God, and when there is one alone, [I say,] I am with him. Raise
 the stone, and there you will find me; cleave the wood, and there
 I am."
  
 31) Jesus said: "A prophet is not acceptable in his own country,
 neither does a physician work cures upon those that know him."
  
 32) Jesus said: "A city built on the top of a high hill and
 fortified can neither fall nor be hid."
  
 --) Jesus said: "Thou hearest with one ear, [but the other thou
 has closed].
  
 36) Jesus said, "Do not worry from dawn to dusk and from dusk to
 dawn about [what food] you [will] eat, [or] what [clothing] you
 will wear. [You are much] better than the [lilies], which [neither]
 card nor spin. And for your part, what [will you wear] when you
 have no clothing? Who would add to your stature? It is he who
 will give you your clothing.
  
 37) His disciples said to him, "When will you be visible to us,
 and when shall we behold you?"
     He said, "When you strip naked without being ashamed, and
 take your garments and put them under your feet like little
 children and tread upon them, then you will see the child of the
 Living, and you will not be afraid."
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 IV: Canonical Comparisons of Thomas Sayings
  
      I have grouped the sayings in the Gospel of Thomas into 5
 categories. Sayings that are variants of or close parallels to
 canonical passages (22 of these), sayings that appear more
 remotely parallel or similar in some way (28), sayings which
 contain parts parallel to several unconnected passages (13),
 sayings parallel to non-canonical traditions of Jesus (only 1 of
 these), and those with no apparent parallels (50!!).
      Due to space limitations, I have decided only to cite
 passages, and you can go through and compare them using any
 Bible. I haven't attempted to make any comparisons to the
 various Apocryphal or other Christian and Gnostic texts.
  
  
 A: Variants/Close Parallels
 ---------------------------
 9: Mt13:3-8, Mk4:3-8, Lk8:5-8
 10: Lk12:49
 16: Mt10:34-36, Lk12:51-53
 20: Mt13:31-32, Mk4:30-32, Lk13:18-19
 26: Mt7:3-5, Lk6:41-42
 34: Mt15:14, Lk6:39
 35: Mt12:29, Mk3:27, Lk11:21-22
 41: Mt25:29, Lk19:26
 45: Mt7:16-20, Lk6:43-46
 46: Mt11:11, Lk7:28
 54: Mt5:3, Lk6:20
 64: Mt22:3-9, Lk14:16-24
 65: Mt21:33-39, Mk12:1-8, Lk20:9-15
 66: Mt21:42, Mk12:10, Lk20:17; Psalm118:22
 73: Mt9:37-38, Lk10:2
 86: Mt8:20, Lk9:58
 89: Lk11:39-40
 93: Mt7:6
 94: Mt7:7-8, Lk11:9-10
 100: Mk12:13-17, Lk20:22-25
 103: Mt24:43, Lk12:39
 107: Mt18:12-13, Lk15:3-7
  
 B: Remote Parallels
 -------------------
 1: Jn8:51
 3: Lk17:21
 5: Mt10:26, Lk10:2
 8: Mt13:47-48
 17: 1Cor2:9; Isiah64:4
 30: Mt18:20
 31: Mk6:4, Lk4:23-24, Jn4:44
 32: Mt5:14
 36: Mt6:25, Lk12:22
 40: Mt15:13
 44: Mt12:32, Mk3:28-29, Lk12:10
 48: Mt18:19, Mk11:23-24
 57: Mt13:24-30
 58: Mt11:28
 59: Jn7:34, Jn13:33
 63: Lk12:16-21
 68: Mt5:11, Lk6:22
 71: Mk14:58
 72: Lk12:13-15
 75: Mt22:14
 78: Mt11:7-9, Lk7:24-26
 90: Mt11:28-30
 95: Lk6:34-35, Lk14:12-14
 96: Mt13:33, Lk13:20-21
 99: Mt12:46-50, Mk3:31-35
 101: Mt10:37, Lk14:26
 109: Mt13:44
 113: Lk17:20-21
  
 C: Multiple Parallels
 ---------------------
 14a: no parallels
 14b: Lk10:8-9
 14c: Mt15:11, Mk7:15
 21a: no parallels
 21b: Mt24:43, Lk12:39
 21c: Mk4:26-29
 22a: Mt18:3, Lk18:17
 22b: Mt5:29-30, Mk9:43-48
 24a: Jn13:36
 24b: Mt6:22-23, Lk11:34-36
 33a: Mt10:27
 33b: Mt5:15, Mk4:21, Lk8:16, Lk11:33
 39a: Lk11:52
 39b: Mt10:16
 43a: Jn8:25
 43b: Mt7:16-20, Lk6:43-46(?)
 55a: Lk14:26
 55b: Mt10:37
 62a: Mt13:11, Mk4:11, Lk8:10
 62b: Mt6:3
 69a: Mt5:8 (cf. Thomas saying 68)
 69b: Mt5:6, Lk6:21
 76a: Mt13:45-46
 76b: Mt6:20, Lk12:33
 79a: Lk11:27-28
 79b: Lk23:29
 91a: Jn9:36
 91b: Lk12:54-56
  
 D: Non-Canonical Parallels
 --------------------------
 42: Some stands of Islamic tradition attribute this saying to
 Jesus.
  
 E: No Parallels
 ---------------
      All the following sayings have no parallels in the Bible or
 other non-Gnostic traditions:
               2       23       51       77       98
               4       25       52       80       102
               6       27       53       81       104
               7       28       56       82       105
               11      29       60       84       106
               12      37       61       85       108
               13      38       67       87       110
               15      47       70       88       111
               18      49       73       92       112
               19      50       74       97       114
  
  
 THE GOSPEL OF THOMAS
 Commentary & Typing by Craig Schenk
 6/17/92
  
  
 Made available to the net by
 Paul Halsall <[email protected]>